04.08.2019
AAKASHAYA PATRA SEVEN STAR SMART EDUCATION SERIES PART – 19
Put-Call
Ratio
The Put-Call Ratio is a useful tool to gauge the market pulse.If traders are buying more puts than
calls, it signals a rise in bearish sentiment. If they are buying more calls
than puts, it suggests that they see a bull market ahead.
The put-call ratio is calculated by
dividing the number of traded put
options by the number of traded call options.
A put-call ratio of 1 indicates that
the number of buyers of calls is the same as the number of buyers
for puts. However, a ratio of 1 is not an accurate
starting point to measure sentiment in the market because there are
normally more investors buying calls than buying puts. So, an
average put-call ratio of .7 for equities is considered a good basis for
evaluating sentiment.
The put-call ratio helps investors gauge market sentiment
before the market turns. However, it's important to look at the demand
for both the numerator (the puts) and the denominator (the calls).The
number of call options is found in the denominator of the ratio. That means a
reduction in the number of traded calls will increase the value of
the ratio. This is significant because fewer calls being bought can push the
ratio higher without an increased number of puts being purchased. In other
words, we don't need to see a large number of puts being purchased for the
ratio to rise.
As bullish traders sit on the
sidelines, the result by default is that there are more bearish traders in
the market. It doesn't necessarily mean the market is bearish, but rather that
bullish traders are in a wait-and-see mode until an upcoming event occurs
like an election, a Fed meeting, or a release of economic data. Contrarian
investors use the put-call ratio to help them determine when
market participants are getting overly bullish or too bearish. An
extremely high put-call ratio means the market is extremely bearish. To a
contrarian, that can be a bullish signal that indicates the market is unduly
bearish and is due for a turnaround. A high ratio can be a sign of a
buying opportunity to a contrarian. An extremely low ratio means the market is
extremely bullish. A contrarian might conclude that the market is too bullish
and is due for a pullback.
No single ratio can
definitively indicate that the market is at its top or its bottom. Even
the levels of the put-call ratio that are considered extreme are not set
in stone and vary over the years.Typically, investors compare current
ratio levels to the average over some period of time to gauge if sentiment
has changed recently. If the put-call ratio has fluctuated in a tight range and
suddenly bumps higher, traders might see this as a sudden increase in bearish
sentiment and make their moves accordingly.
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